Social media CEOs risk facing trial over harms to minors

This could be a major moment — or maybe not.
A U.S. Supreme Court judge has ruled that Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg, Instagram head Adam Mosseri, and Snap CEO Evan Spiegel must appear in an upcoming trial examining the potential harmful effects of social media on younger users.
The three executives had attempted to avoid personal testimony, arguing that their previous Senate appearances — where they were questioned on similar concerns — had already established their public stance. But Judge Carolyn Kuhl rejected that argument, ruling that they will need to attend in person to represent their companies in what could become a landmark case for future social media regulation.
And regulation, it seems, is coming one way or another.
Across the world, governments are now actively debating how to protect children online. In Europe, leaders meeting in Brussels this week are weighing the idea of a teen social media ban, after 25 EU member states signed a declaration earlier this month calling for stronger digital protections for minors. France, Greece, and Denmark have already expressed support for banning access to social platforms for users under 15, while Spain has gone a step further, proposing a cutoff at 16.
Meanwhile, Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea are developing their own restrictions, and the U.K. has introduced tougher age verification laws to pressure social platforms into taking more concrete steps.
Of course, the biggest challenge lies in enforcement. There’s still no universal standard for verifying a user’s age online, making it almost impossible to ensure consistent application. This patchwork of different national laws further complicates compliance for global platforms like Meta, Snap, and TikTok.
Still, given the rising political pressure — and public anxiety about the effects of social media — it seems inevitable that tougher oversight is on the horizon. Platforms will eventually need to adjust, or be forced to.
This latest U.S. case is just one of several ongoing legal challenges aimed at holding social networks accountable. The platforms have long maintained that there’s no conclusive scientific proof linking social media use to mental harm among young people. But the growing body of research highlighting potential correlations — increased anxiety, lower self-esteem, and exposure to harmful content — has raised enough red flags for lawmakers to act.
The real issue, though, isn’t about new laws — it’s about making them actually work.
Most major social networks already claim to restrict access to users aged 14 and above, but enforcement remains loose at best. Studies suggest that as much as one-third of TikTok’s U.S. audience may be 14 or younger — meaning the rule is effectively meaningless in practice.
Some platforms are experimenting with AI-driven age verification, including video selfies and machine learning analysis to estimate a user’s age. But without an industry-wide standard or regulatory benchmark, each platform continues to operate in isolation, developing its own systems to meet public expectations.
The EU appears closest to defining a unified approach, while Australian authorities are also finalizing their own model for national enforcement. If a global standard eventually emerges, it could make teen restrictions both practical and enforceable.
Until then, however, progress will remain fragmented — and symbolic gestures, like compelling tech CEOs to testify, may not change much on their own.
Still, bringing Zuckerberg, Mosseri, and Spiegel back into the spotlight could give regulators fresh insights into how these companies think — and that might help shape more effective rules for protecting young users in the years ahead.
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